| 1 |
Author(s):
Uthman, A, Anigo, K.M..
Page No : 1-17
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Proximate and Amino Acid Compositions of Commonly Consumed Native Soups among Nupe People of Niger State, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Soups usually accompany major Nigerian staple foods (swallow) and it is very essential to
Nigerian food recipes.
Objective: This study aims at evaluating the proximate and amino acid compositions of commonly
consumed native soups among Nupe people of Niger state, Nigeria.
Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted to document the commonly consumed native soups
among Nupe people residing in Bida and Lavun Local Government Areas of Niger state using stratified
sampling method. The ingredients for the recipes of six (6) commonly consumed soups were standardized
in the laboratory, prepared and evaluated for some nutrient contents using standard procedures for
proximate and amino acids analyses.
Results: The result shows that ash content of the soups ranged from 1.90±0.37 to 3.46±0.61 g/100g,
crude fat content was from 8.17±0.28 to 16.49±1.95 g/100g, and the protein contents was between
4.43±0.59 to 7.81±1.23 g/100g. The carbohydrate ranged from 1.5±0.80 – 15.30±2.58 g/100g and
the estimated energy value for the soups was between 109.35±2.21 – 188.97±14.74 kcal. Level of
leucine ranged from 6.05±0.19 – 8.01±0.09 g/100g, lysine (3.44±0.06 – 7.05±0.06 g/100g),
isoleucine (3.60±0.08 – 4.37±0.04 g/100g), and threonine ranged from 3.03±0.11 to 3.90±0.03
g/100g.
Conclusion: The consumption of these soups could help contribute to daily nutrient intake and prevent
protein deficiency related diseases in the people.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Ijarotimi, O. S, Ibrahim, A..
Page No : 18-34
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Assessment of School-Meal Nutrient Composition and Anthropometry Measurements of Children in Public Primary Schools Operating School-Feeding Programme in Osun State.
Abstract
Background: The objectives of the study were to evaluate nutrient composition and contribution of the
school meals to the children daily nutrient requirements
Objective:
Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted among school-children in Osun State Nigeria. Data on
socio-demographic variables, household food security and dietary patterns of the children were collected
using questionnaires. Height-for-age and body mass index-for-age z-score of the children were
determined. The school-meal samples were evaluated for chemical composition, and percentage
contributions of the school-meal to the daily nutrient requirements of the children were determined.
Results: Household food consumption patterns of the children indicated that 83% depend on starchbased
foods, while 72.2% depend on legumes as the main source of protein intakes. For the
fruits/vegetables, 71% agreed on regular intakes, while others did not. The protein and energy intakes
from the school-meal were 27.12 g/day and 594.05 kcal/day, respectively; and these contributed
between 79.78 - 142.76% and 33.0 - 49.5% of the children daily nutrient requirements. The prevalence of
underweight and stunting in female children (22.6%, 29.4%) were higher than in male counterparts
(21.4%, 28.4%).
Conclusion: The school-meals contributed positively to the daily protein and energy requirements of
the children. However, prevalence of underweight and stunting was noticed among the schoolchildren.
Hence, there is a need to improve on the quantity and quality of the school-meals. This
finding may be relevant to health and educational policy makers in Nigeria.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Usman Muhammad Ibrahim, Muhammad Lawan Umar, Auwal Umar Gajida, Rabiu Ibrahim Jalo, Odingboro Suleman Onimisi, Zahra'u Zubairu, Fatelyn Okakah, Khadijah Nuhu Nasidi.
Page No : 35-45
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Health Risks Associated with Consumption of Fast Foods: Perspectives of Traders in Kano, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Consumption of fast foods is increasing globally and may be linked to significant public
health problems associated with both communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Objective: This study assessed knowledge and perception of potential health risk of fast food
consumption among traders in Kano, and identified the commonly vended foods and drinks in Kano.
Method: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to study 390 selected traders using a two staged
sampling technique. Data was collected using interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire
and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.
Results: The mean± SD age of the traders was 39±12.5 years with a range of 18-68 years. Most of the
traders (88.6%) were greater than 24 years of age, majority were males (90.5%) with (97.6%) having
formal education. About three-quarter (77.5%) had adequate knowledge of health risk, while (77.3%)
had wrong perception. Commonly vended foods were fried chicken and red meat among others. Marital
status {AOR=0.6, 95% CI= (0.2-1.5)} and duration in business {AOR=4.4, 95% CI= (2.3-8.4)} were
independent predictors of knowledge, while tribe {AOR=2.4, 95% CI= (1.5-3.9)} was found to be an
independent predictor of perception of health risk associated with fast food consumption among the
traders.
Conclusion: Traders had adequate knowledge of health risk but wrong perception on the health
implication of fast food consumption. Government should put in place policies and enforcements that will
ensure sustained education of traders on the health risk of fast food consumption.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Olanrewaju, O.I, Olaitan, O.O, Roland-Ayodele, M.A, Umeaku P.O.
Page No : 46-56
|
Blood Pressure Patterns, Stress Assessment and Anthropometric Characteristics of Health Workers in Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.
Abstract
Background: Globally, the burden of cardio-metabolic diseases especially obesity, hypertension,
diabetes is rapidly increasing, and the African continent is most affected region in the world.
Objective: The study assessed the blood pressure patterns, stress assessment and anthropometric
characteristics of health workers in Jos university teaching hospital, Jos, Nigeria
Methods: Apparently healthy 283 staff was randomly selected. Structured questionnaire, anthropometric
instruments and digital sphygmomanometer were used to source information from the respondents.
Obesity, blood pressurepatterns and stress assessment of the respondents were assessed in according to
WHO standard and International Stress Management Association (ISMA) respectively. Data were
analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square. In all cases, a probability of (<0.05) were taken to
indicates level of significance
Results: The mean age of the respondents was 36.72 ± 9.47years. More females (68%) participated in
the study than males (32%). Only (21.6%) of the respondents drink alcohol, 2.5% smoke cigarette, 65%
did not engage in physical exercise while 18.1% eat late at night. Prevalence of Overweight/Obesity as
determined by abnormal values for BMI, WC, WHR, BIA and WHtR were 48.9%, 31.1%, 43.1%, 65% and
71.4% respectively while 30.1% had a raised blood pressure,more than half (69.9%) of the respondents
were either moderately or highly stressed. Significant difference was found in age, nature of work and
parents with chronic Diseasesacross the gender (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Overweight, obesity, moderate stress level and high blood pressure were prevalent among
the health workers. Obesity was the risk factor of high blood pressure among them.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Olanrewaju, O.I, Ukegbu, P.O,, Dele-Olawumi Bukola,, Adedayo, E.O.
Page No : 57-66
|
Knowledge of Obesity and its Implications on the Reproductive Health Outcomes of young Female Adults (19-35years) in Owo Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a worldwide health epidemic and a major public health concern globally with
negative impact on reproductive health.
Objective: The study assessed the Knowledge of Obesity on Reproductive Health Outcomes of young
Female Adults in Owo Local Government Area of Ondo State.
Materials and methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study which involved 500 young
female's adults who were systematically sampled. A structured, self-administered questionnaire was used
to source information from participants. Knowledge of Health implications (HIs) of obesity was assessed
on a 9point scale. Score lower or equal (≤3), was regarded as low knowledge while Score (≥4≤6), was
regarded as average knowledge and those who score greater or equals (≥7≤9) are treated as excellent
knowledge of HIs.Obesity was assessed using Body mass index. Data were analyzed using descriptive
statistics and chi-square. A probability of P<0.05 was taken to indicate level of significance.
Result: Findings show that hospital, radio/television and school are the major sources of information
about obesity by the respondents. The study shows that 50.2%of the participants perceived that obesity
increase the risk of miscarriage, while 35.2%, irregular period, 35.2% infertility, and 42.0% cesarean
section. Knowledge score of health implications of obesity revealed that only 5% had an excellent
knowledge, about 62.2% had average knowledge while 32.8% had low knowledge.
Conclusion: Knowledge of the health implication of obesity was low among the participants. Therefore,
health enlightenment programmeswith emphasis on health implications of obesity for young adults is
urgently needed.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Gideon O. Iheme, Grace T. Fadupin.
Page No : 67-79
|
Osteoporosis Knowledge, Perception and Preventive Behaviours of In-School Adolescents In Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Up to 90 percent of peak bone mass is acquired within 18-20 years, which makes
adolescence the best time to invest in bone health. Having the right knowledge and perception is likely to
influence preventive behaviours.
Objective: This study was designed to assess the osteoporosis knowledge, perception and preventive
behaviors of in-school adolescents in selected LGAs in Ibadan metropolis.
Methodology: The study was descriptive and cross-sectional in design. A total of 350 respondents were
selected using multi-stage sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit information
on respondents' osteoporosis knowledge, health belief model constructs and preventive behaviours.
Descriptive and inferential statistics were used analyze the variables
Results: Results showed that 48.9% of the respondents had poor osteoporosis knowledge. More than half
of them had low perception towards osteoporosis risks (52.3%), severity (72.0%), barriers (59.1%) and
benefits (63.1%) of preventive behavior. A preponderance of physical activity engagement was reported
during school break periods (75.7%) than at home (35.1%). Study reported a daily consumption of bone
health promoting foods like milk, egg, leafy vegetables, fish and meat by 42.6%, 36.9%, 38.0%, 56.9%
and 59.1% of the respondents. Significant association between osteoporosis knowledge and some
preventive behaviour variables were observed.
Conclusion: This study revealed a poor knowledge, low perception and mild osteoporosis preventive
behaviours of the respondents. A conducive school environment aimed at mitigating osteoporosis risks
through provision of facilities and increase in time allotted for physical activity awareness/participation
should be advocated.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Umeaku, Patricia O., Oguizu, Ada D..
Page No : 80-90
|
Comparative Study of Anthropometric Status of Children Aged 6-12 Years Attending Public and Private Schools in Umuahia North Local Government Area of Abia State.
Abstract
Background: The determination of the nutritional status of children is important to the growth of a nation,
hence nutritionists focus on childhood nutrition.
Objective: This study was conducted to determine the anthropometric status of children aged 6-12years
and compare between children attending public and private schools in Umuahia North Local Government
Area, Abia State.
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional comparative study was conducted among 356 children who
were randomly selected from four public schools and four private schools in Umuahia North Local
Goverment Area, Abia State using a validated questionnare. Descriptive statistics was used to sort the
anthropometric characteristics and WHO anthropometry software was used for evaluation.
Results: Equal percentage (1.7%) of children had stunting in both public and private schools. Wasting was
higher in private school (9.6%) than in public schools (5.1%). Overweight/obese was seen to be
significantly higher (p=0.0006) in private schools than in public schools. The p value for BMI for age
showed a significant association (p=0.002) with the age of the children in public schools.
Conclusion: There is no significant difference in stunting, wasting and underweight in children attending
public or private schools.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Scholastica N. Eze, Nnenna O. Onuoha, Peace N.Ani, Raphael I. Edeh, Nkechi G. Onyeke.
Page No : 91-101
|
Dietary Patterns and Nutrient Adequacy of Diets Consumed by Pregnant Women in Nsukka Area of Enugu State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Background: Adequate nutrition during pregnancy is essential to support fetal growth and physiological
changes in the body of the mother, and had been associated with good pregnancy outcomes.
Objective: This study assessed the dietary patterns and nutrient adequacy of diets consumed by pregnant
women in Nsukka Area of Enugu State, Nigeria.
Methods: The cross-sectional survey design was adopted for the study. Multistage sampling technique
was used to obtain representative sample of 386 pregnant women. Food frequency questionnaire was
used to collect data on respondents' dietary patterns. Nutrient intakes were assessed by 3-day weighed
food intake study, and were analyzed as percentages of FAO/WHO daily nutrient requirement values for
pregnant women. Descriptive statistics were carried out on data collected.
Results: Respondents consumed varied nutrient sources (mostly plant-based) which led to adequate
intakes of most nutrients. However, niacin and riboflavin intakes were lower (12.2mg [72.6%] and 0.95mg
[63.3%], respectively) than requirements due to low consumption of animal foods. Starchy roots/tubers
made highest contribution to respondents' energy (591Kcal [23%]) and carbohydrate (124Kcal [34.7%])
intakes. Legumes contributed most to protein (35.2g [52.3%]), iron (11.2mg [41.9%]), thiamin (0.8mg
[53.3%]) and niacin (4.05mg [33.2%]) intakes. Fruits and vegetables contributed most to riboflavin (0.3mg
[31.6%]), ascorbic acid (121mg [77.7%]) and calcium (317mg [33.8%]) intakes.
Conclusion: Nigerian plant-based foods, when well mixed to complement one another and with proper
preparation techniques to conserve sensitive nutrients, can provide adequate amount of nutrients.
Promotion of traditional dishes and proper processing technique through nutrition education of women is
therefore, imperative. Again, animal foods should be made more affordable through government
subsidization.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Olanrewaju, O.I, Folahan, O.O,, Bolajoko, O.O.
Page No : 102-108
|
Fatty Acids Prole of Repeatedly Used Vegetable Oils by the Roadside Food Vendors in Owo Metropolis, Ondo State, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: The consumption of saturated fatty acid is a major risk factor for the rise in the mortality rate
among individuals who suffer from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Objective: The study investigated the fatty acid profile of repeatedly used vegetable oils by the road side
food vendors in Owo metropolis.
Methods: Two (2) different vegetable oils used for frying fish and bean cake by the vendors were collected
in Owo. The oils were chosen on the bases that they have been reused for at least five days. Fresh palm
olien oil and palm oil were used as control samples. The fatty acid composition of the oil samples was
determined using gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector. The data obtained were
statistically analyzed using ANOVA to test for the level of significant difference in the variation of the
means.
Results: Findings showed that repeatedly used palm olien oil and palm oil respectively had higher values
of total saturated fatty acid (62.36% and 60.09%) compared to the control samples (45.50% and 51.00%)
Total unsaturated fatty acid (40.21% and 45.13%), total Polyunsaturated fatty acid (9.96% and 9.98%),
and total monounsaturated fatty acid (26.42% and 30.05%) of the reused oil samples were significantly
lower when compared to the control samples (54.50% and 49.00%), (11.50% and 10.00%), and (43.90%
and 39.00%), respectively.
Conclusion: Repeatedly used oils increased the concentration of TSAs and decreased TUSFAs, which can
negatively impact on the cardiovascular health of the consumers.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Folahan, O.O, Odunuga, B.A,, Dele-Olawumi Bukola.
Page No : 109-119
|
Food Consumption Score, Dietary Habits and Anthropometric Indices of Market Traders in Owo Township, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Background: Globally, the burden of obesity and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is rapidly
increasing, and the African continent is not left out.
Objective: This study assessed the food consumption score, dietary habits and anthropometric indices of
market traders in Owo Township, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study, which involved 205traders who were
conveniently selected from three major markets in Owo. Information from the participants was obtained
using structured, self- administered questionnaire. Food consumption score was assessed using World
Food Programme (WFP) food consumption analysis while central obesity was assessed using Waist–Hip
Ratio (WHR), Waist Circumference (WC) and Waist-Height ratio (WHtR). Data was presented in frequency
and percentage. All statistics was test at significant level of P ≤ 0.05.
Results: Results revealed that (30.2%) of the market traders were within the age group of 30-
39years,57.6% of the respondents were married, while approximately27% had between 4 and 6 children.
About 67.3% of the respondents were Christian. Few (6.3%) had first degree certificate. Majorities,
(90.7%) always add vegetables to their diet and 39.5% % eat fruit regularly while 56.1% meet the
acceptable food consumption score. Abnormal values for WC, WHR, and WHtR were 26.8%, 38.5%, and
47.8% respectively.A significant difference existed waist circumference (P=0.02), waist-hip ratio
(P=0.003), waist to height ratio (P=0.001), and sex of the respondents.
Conclusion: This study observed high prevalence of central obesity and a high acceptable food
consumption score level among the market traders in Owo.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Israel O. Dada, Rasaki A. Sanusi, Oluremi O. Keshinro, Isaac O. Akinyele.
Page No : 120-132
|
Undernutrition in Nigerian under-five children and associated household factors
Abstract
Background: Undernutrition in under-five children (U-5) in Nigeria is high. Children's household
characteristics influence their nutritional status.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of undernutrition in U-5 and their household characteristics.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 531 U-5 randomly sampled through a
multi-stage sampling technique in Oyo State. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to
obtain information on household characteristics. Height and weight of the children were measured to
calculate stunting (height-for-age z-score < -2SD), wasting (weight-for-height z-score < -2SD) and
underweight (weight-for-age z-score 6members, >2 U-5
and absence of child's father in the household. Prevalence of wasting and underweight was higher in
extended family and female headed households respectively.
Conclusion: Stunting, wasting and underweight in U-5 still exist in the study location. Large household
size, absence of child's father in the household, large number of U-5, female headship and extended
family arrangement were associated with undernutrition in U-5. Household factors should be put into
consideration when planning nutrition-related intervention programme.
