| 1 |
Author(s):
Fausat M. Ibrahim, Hafsoh o. Shuaib-Rahim, Bolanle T. Olatunji.
Page No : 1-14
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Ethnic Attitudes towards Snail-meat Intake during Pregnancy and Other Correlates of Snail-Meat Consumption among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Ibadan, Nigeria
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background: Snail-meat is probably the greatest subject of food prohibitions in several African climes and beyond. These prohibitions fuel deficiencies of micronutrients which contributes significantly to maternal morbidity and mortality. Yet, motivations of consuming prohibited foods such as snail-meat are seemingly non-existent.
Objective: This study was designed to examine ethnic attitudes towards snail-meat intake during pregnancy and other correlates of snail-meat consumption among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Ibadan, Nigeria.
Method:
Using cross-sectional design, four-hundred copies of a structured questionnaire were administered to randomly selected respondents. Multi-item measures were used to assess variables. Data were analysed using One-way ANOVA and Spearman rank correlation-coefficient.
Results: Univariate analysis shows that 62.3% of respondents have consumed snail-meat since they became pregnant. Age, marital status, religion and ethnicity have no significant effects on snail-meat consumption (p> 0.05) but education did (p< 0.05). Health motivation, convenience, sensory appeal, ethnic attitudes and willingness-to-consume are significantly and positively related to snail-meat consumption but price is significantly and inversely related to same (p 0.05).
Conclusion: Having decreased education is predisposing towards increased snail-meat consumption. Perceived importance of health benefits accruable from snail-meat consumption, perceived ease at which snail-meat could be accessed/prepared, snail-meat's attraction to the senses, cost, ethnic group's disposition towards the consumption of snail-meat during pregnancy and stimulus to consume snail-meat during pregnancy are significant social phenomenon maneuvering snail-meat intake among pregnant women in the study area.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Patricia, Ukegbu, Alice, Ojwang.
Page No : 15-26
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Association of Dietary Patterns and Overweight among University Students Southeast, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: An unhealthy diet is a risk factor associated with the rising prevalence of overweight, obesity and other non-communicable diseases. Paucity of data exists on dietary patterns (DP) of university students in Nigeria.
Objective: The study employed the use of dietary pattern analysis to characterise diets of university students, as well as investigate the association of the identified patterns with overweight.
Methods: A cross-sectional study of university students selected after multi-stage sampling from five tertiary institutions in Southeast, Nigeria was conducted. Socio-demographic data was collected, while body mass index (BMI) was calculated to determine overweight (BMI >25kg/m2). Dietary patterns were assessed using principal component analysis (PCA) of 124 food and beverage items derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to test associations between dietary patterns and overweight.
Results: The prevalence of overweight was 19.9%. Four dietary patterns identified using principal component analysis were (1) "healthy", (2) "bread and drinks", (3) "snacks" and (4) "alcohol" dietary patterns, and these explained 47.1% of variation in the diets of the students. The "alcoho!" DP (characterized by alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages) was significantly associated with overweight (odds ratio (OR)=1.202, p=0.002) in both gender. Males had higher odds of consuming foods from the 'alcohol" DP (OR=1.175: p=0.035), and were less likely to adhere to the "healthy' DP (OR=0.822; p=0.014) compared to females.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that the "alcohol' dietary pattern may increase the risk of overweight. Interventions aimed at improving dietary patterns among university students are required.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Adepoju, O. T. , Daboh, O. O..
Page No : 27-43
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Knowledge and Consumption Pattern of Cirina Forda (Westwood) Larva in Two Local Government Areas of Oyo State, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Insects have served as food for people for thousands of years worldwide. However, a
decline is observed in insect consumption in communities where it used to be popular.
Obijective: The study aimed at assessing consumption pattern of Cirina forda larva in two Local
Government Areas (LGAs) of Oyo State, Nigeria, where its consumption is popular.
Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional study involving 502 respondents randomly selected from Saki
East and Iseyin LGAs was carried out. Pre-tested, semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire
was used to obtain information on the larva from the respondents. Data was analysed using frequencies,
percentages and means.
Results: Mean age of respondents was 46.3+16.4 years, 99.8% were aware of existence of C. forda
larva, and all had consumed it before. Majority (81.9%) of respondents consumed the larva within the past
2years, 78.9% consumed it often. The larva was consumed either in roasted/dried (35.4%) or boiled/fried
(35.9%) forms. However, 74.9% preferred its consumption as condiment in soups. Reasons for its
consumption included: food habit and custom (29.7%), flavour/taste (17.0%), nutrition/health benefits
(17.2%), and food habits/economic benefits (11.6%). About half (58.9%) of respondents did not know the
nutritional/health benefits of C. forda. Its consumption is not affected by religion (99.8%) and traditional
belief/myth (99.0%) but by availability.
Conclusion: Major limitations to consumption of C. forda larva are scarcity and inadequate knowledge
on its nutritional/health benefits. There is need for public enlightenment on health-promoting benefits of
the insect larva to promote its consumption.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Maxwell Y. M. O'., Onyeke D. E.,, Zubair B. A., , Femi F. A,,, Jiya M. J. , Ocheme O. B. .
Page No : 44-51
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Chemical, Physical and Sensory Properties on the Keeping Quality of Wheat-Groundnut Protein Concentrate Bread
Abstract
Background: Bread is a staple food and is consumed in large quantities because it is affordable, is an
excellent source of nutrients and is available in a “ready to eat” form.
Objective: This study investigated the effect of groundnut protein concentrate (GPC) inclusion on the
keeping quality of baked bread.
Methods: The bread samples were produced using straight dough method from blends of wheat flour and
groundnut protein concentrate (%, w/w) at ratios 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, and 80:20, with 100% wheat
flour serving as the control sample. Subsequently, free fatty acids, proximate composition, minerals,
physical and sensory properties as well as its shelf stability were determined using established methods.
Results: There was an increase in free fatty acid (FFA) across all the blends at day 1, 2 and 5. Highest free
fatty acid were recorded in blend with 20% groundnut protein concentrate 7.83, 10.10 and 13.46 for day
1, 2 and 5 respectively. Highest protein content of 28.61% was recorded in blend with 20% groundnut protein concentrate. Significantly (P<0.05), a decrease in the loaf height and volume was observed in the
samples as storage time increases. An increase in the loaf weight was observed for sample 90:10 and
85:15 on the fifth day of storage.
Conclusion: Sample with 20% groundnut protein concentrate revealed to maintain its wholesomeness in
terms of sensory and other parameters measured during storage.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Maduforo A. N, Ezeh C.J, 'NwamarahlJ.U., Chikwendu J.N, Okoro C.E..
Page No : 52-65
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Nutrition Knowledge and Practice among Pregnant Women in Igbo-Eze South Local Government Areaq, Enugu State
Abstract
Background:
Objective: The study assessed nutrition knowledge and practice among pregnant women in Igbo-Eze
South Local Government Area, Enugu State.
Methods: Cross-sectional survey design and multistage sampling technique was used to select
respondents. Structured questionnaire was used fo obtain information on the socio-demographic
characteristics, dietary knowledge and practices of the respondents. Atotal of 159 respondents completed
the study. Descriptive statistics was used to present the result. Chi-Square was used to test the association
between the categorical variables. Pearson correlation was used to correlate numerical variables. Significance level was accepted at p < 0.05.
Results: A total of 12.0% were adolescents (10-19 years old). Nutrition knowledge assessment showed
that 45.2% were knowledgeable on pregnancy nutrition. Dietary practices showed that 40.9% of the
subjects ate three meals daily, 81.1% ate pastries, 61% took soft drinks, 15.1% took hot drinks (alcohol),
81% do not take stout and 70.4% do not eat bitter cola. About 62.3% of the subject had food aversion while
about 37% had food related cultural taboos. Some (45.3%) of the respondents had a high dietary diversity
while 43.4% and 3.1% had a medium and low dietary diversity respectively. Significant association (p =
0.025) was found between dietary diversity and gestational age of the respondents.
Conclusion: Nutrition knowledge of the pregnant women is poor but had no significant effect on the
dietary practices of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Igbo-Eze South Local Government
Area, Enugu state.
| 6 |
Author(s):
“Adeomi Adeleye Abiodun; , Olodu, Monday Daniel, Akande, Roseline Oluyemisi, Ola Adewura Ruth;, Oke, Fikayo .
Page No : 66-75
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Nutrition Knowledge, Dietary Practices and Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in a Semi-Urban Community in Southwestern Nigeria
Abstract
Introduction: Pregnancy is a highly demanding period of varying physiological changes that can
adversely affect the health of the mother and the foetus when unhealthy dietary practices are adopted.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the nutrition knowledge, dietary practices and nutritional status of
pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in a semi-urban community in Southwestern Nigeria.
Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among 122 pregnant women in lle-Ife
metropolis, selected using multi-stage sampling technique. The nutritional status of the respondents was
assessed using BMI, MUAC and their most recent PCV. Significant findings were so judged at p< 0.05.
Results: The mean age of the respondents was 28.9 + 4.4 years.Majority of the respondents were
married and 82 (67.2%) had high dietary diversity. For the nutritional status, 3 (2.5%) and 12 (9.8%) were
underweight using BMI and MUAC respectively. The PCV showed that Seven (5.7%) of the respondents
were anaemic. The nutrition knowledge of the respondents was statistically associated with their level of
education (p = 0.018), occupation (p = 0.009), husband's occupation (p = 0.026) and the husband's
average income (p = 0.010).
Conclusion: This study found that factors associated with nutrition knowledge were mainly sociodemographic factors such as the level of education, husband's income, occupation of the respondents and
their husbands. Nutritional interventions among pregnant women should ultimately target financial
empowerment through sustainable income generating activities and saving strategies for this highly
vulnerable group.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Rabiu Ibrahim Jalo,, Surayya Murtala Sunusi,, Aminatu Kwaku Ayaba,, Usman Muhammad Ibrahim,', Muhktar Mahmud,, Aisha Aliyu Abulfathi,, Fatimahlsmail Tsiga-Ahmed,’, Nuraddeen Abubakar,, Rayyan Muhammad Garba.
Page No : 76-87
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Determinants of Infant Feeding Practices among Working and Non-working Mothers in Kano, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Growth during the first year of life is greater than at any other time after birth. Good
nutrition during this period of rapid growth is vital to ensure that infant develops both physically and
mentally to the fullest potential.
Obijectives: This study assessed determinants of feeding practices among working class and non-working
class mothers in Kano, Nigeria.
Methodology: Using a comparative cross-sectional study design, interviewer-administered
questionnaire was used to collect information from 310 mothers (155 in each group) with their infants'
aged 0— 12 months.
Results: Working mothers had a significantly higher level of knowledge of the recommended infant and
young child feeding practices (t=4.69, p <0.001) and overall practice performance score was significantly higher among the working group (t= 3.44 p= 0.001). Up to 94.5% working mothers had
good knowledge of recommended infant feeding practices compared to 74.0 % of non-working mothers
(p=0.001). Haven lost a child, currently being married and vaginal delivery were determinants of
appropriate feeding practices among working mothers, while formal education, having five or more
children and receiving infant feeding advice were determinants among non-working women.
Conclusion: The study found a good knowledge of infant feeding practices among working mothers as
compared to the non-working mothers and it also revealed a gap between knowledge and practice of
adequate breastfeeding. Context specific health education messages should target both working and
non-working class mothers so as to promote, protect and support infant and young child feeding practices
in Kano, Nigeria.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Adebayo, Y. O', Olayiwola, I. O, Afolabi, W. A. O', Ashaolu, O. F, Adelekan, D. A.
Page No : 88-97
|
Assessment of Functional Impairments among the Elderly in ljebu Ode Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: The aging process is characterized by various physiological conditions that results in
decline of functional capacity and physical abilities. This leads to limited quality of life and increased
dependency among the elderly.
Objective: The study assessed the prevalence of functional impairments among elderly persons in ljebuOde Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 500 elderly subjects selected from
100 households in the study area using systematic random sampling. An interviewer administered
questionnaire was used to elicit relevant socio-demographic information. Functional impairment was
assessed using the Katz Index of Independence Activities of Daily Living (KADL). Six aspects of daily
activities were assessed - urinary continence, toileting, dressing, bathing, feeding and transferring.
Frequency counts, percentages, mean, standard deviations and Chi square test were used in data
analysis.
Results: The study comprised of 41.2% males and 58.8% females with age ranging from 60-92years and
mean age of 71.10+8.40years. More female (58.6%) compared to male (41.4%) were impaired. Overall prevalence of functional impairment was 26.6%. There were significant associations between functional
impairment, older age and lower educational level (p=0.001). The most common impairment was related
to transference (25.6%) while the least was with feeding (3.6%).
Conclusion: Elderly subjects are prone to functional impairments related to transference which advances
with age and more in women. Thus, assessing functional impairment is important in preventive geriatric
health care for screening to help in reducing further morbidity in the elderly.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Ugbenyen, Anthony Moses , Ikhimalo, Odufa Patience , Azeke, Marshall Arebojie.
Page No : 98-110
|
Comparative Studies of the Antioxidant and Phytochemical Activities of Three Traditional Plant Species Used Medicinally in Nigeria.
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species is an antecedent of cardiovascular disease,
cancer, diabetics, Alzheimer's disease and osteoporosis. It is of note that plant and plant based materials
could serve as antioxidant.
Objective: to investigate the presence of important phytochemicals and antioxidants potential of
Synclisia scabrida, Persea americana and Picralima nitida and compare the antioxidant prowess of each
plant against the other.
Methods: Parts of the plants (such as leave, stem, root and seed) were washed, pulverized and extracted
with methanol; an assay of the phytochemical constituent of the extracts was also carried out. An in vitro
study of radical scavenging activity using the ABTS (2, 2"-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic
acid), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferrous reduction assays was used fo assay the
antioxidant properties of the plants.
Results: The phytochemical analysis of the plants revealed the presence of Phenol, Flavonoids, Alkaloids
and Saponin. From the study, the methanolic extract of Synclisia scabrida leaves analyzed, showed better
antioxidant prowess compared to Persea americana and Picralima nitida leaves, stem and root extracts.
Conclusion: Synclisia scabrida is promising in the area of antioxidant drug discovering, nutraceuticals
and functional food due to its high antioxidant potential compared to Persea americana and Picralima
nitida.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Nzeagwu, Ogechi C , Amadi, Adaeze U..
Page No : 111-119
|
Effect of Processing on Chemical Composition of Fluted Pumpkin (Telfairia Occidentalis) Seed Flour and Sensory Evaluation of Soup Produced from The Flour.
Abstract
Background: Soup thickeners usage/cost is on the increase. Fluted pumpkin seed can provide nutrients,
food diversity/nutrition security and serve as soup thickener.
Objective: To determine effect of processing on chemical composition of fluted pumpkin seed flour
and sensory evaluation of soup from the flour.
Materials and methods: Seeds were removed from pod, washed, dehulled, sliced into pieces, divided
into three parts for boiling, roasting and fermentation. Samples were dried, milled, sieved, packaged and
analyzed for chemical composition using standard methods and sensory evaluation of soup samples using
9-point hedonic scale. Data was analyzed with ANOVA and means separated with Duncan Multiple Range
Test at p <0.05 level of significance.
Results: Carbohydrate (40.65%) of boiled sample was higher than other samples. Fermented sample's
protein (26.06%) was significantly higher (p <0.05) than boiled (23.43%) and roasted (21.89%). Fat
(26.59%) was highest in roasted. Ash (3.23%) in the boiled differed significantly (p < 0.05) from fermented
(3.11%) and roasted (2.93%). Vitamin C (0.55mg/100g), B-Carotene (3.59 ug/100g), Vitamin B,
(0.26mg/100g) and vitamin E (0.43mg/100g) were higher in fermented sample. Iron (3.96mg/100g)
and zinc (2.68mg/100g) were significantly higher (p <0.05) in the fermented sample. The swelling index
(5.24%), oil absorption (15.33%), water absorption (18.67%) of fermented sample was higher than other
samples. Phytate, tannin, oxalate in all the samples were within safe level. Boiled sample was most
accepted (sensory) following the control (Detarium microcarpium).
Conclusion: Fermented and boiled samples were better in nutrients, functional properties, anti-nutrients
and soup thickener.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Adebayo, Yetunde. O, Akinsanya, Olubunmi. B, Aliyu Abubakar. A.
Page No : 120-134
|
Nutritional Status and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Out-Patients attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano State, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for increased cardiovascular mortality and
morbidity. Excess energy intake and sedentary life style are clinical challenges in the wake of urbanization
that increases obesity.
Objective: To assess the nutritional status and prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Out-patients
attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano State.
Methodology: A cross-sectionalstudy involving 140out-patients of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano
State.Anthropometric measurements, assessment of risk factors of Mets and 24-hour dietary recall were
obtained. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis.
Results: The study comprised (51.4% - male and (48.6% - female with (30%) in age of 21-30years. About
(54%) had normal body mass index (BMI), (22%) overweight and (15%) obese. Prevalence of MetS was
14.3%. Risk factors of MetS revealed about 33% male patient at low risk against 22% female at high risk
using waist hip ratio (WHR). Blood glucose level indicated (18%) diabetic and 27.9% at normal level.
Almost 53% had normal blood pressure while 47% were hypertensive. Majority (80%) were at low risk
based on total triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein. The relationship between risk factors of MetS
and nutrient intake indicated significant relationship between BMI, WHR, nutrients while blood pressure
had no significant association with nutrient intake at 0.05 level of significance.
Conclusion: MetS was observed among the out-patients especially females with abdominal obesity. The
patients however exhibited good nutritional status based on body mass index.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Amadi, J. A.C., Anyanwu, Helen. O.
Page No : 135-150
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Anthropometric Indices, Dietary Practices, Nutritional Knowledge, Attitude, and Health Status of People Living With HIV/AIDS in Owerri Metropolis Imo State, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: HIV/AIDS and inadequate nutrient consumption predisposes patients to malnutrition and
poor health status with significant increase in morbidity and mortality rate Objective: To assess the
anthropometric indices, NKAD and health status of people living with HIV/AIDS in Owerri Metropolis,
Nigeria
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study technique was used to assess anthropometric indices, NKAD
and health status of people living with HIV/AIDS in Owerri Metropolis, Nigeria. A total of 325 subjects
were recruited using systematic random sampling method. Interviewed administered structured
questionnaire was used to assess socio-economic data, nutritional knowledge and attitude, dietary
practices and health status of the subjects. Anthropometric measurements were taken to assess body mass
index (BMI) and waisthip ratio (WHR). Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 21.0.
Results: Majority had good nutritional knowledge (65.5%), good nutritional attitude (78.2%) and good
dietary practice (71.1%). Malnutrition among the subjects revealed that underweight was (11.08%),
overweight (21.23%) and obesity (13.23%). Subjects with high risk for cardiovascular diseases using WHR
were 49.3% (female) and 18.1% (male). Diet-related chronic diseases include hypertension (21.8%),
hypercholesterolemia (13.2%) and diabetes (9.2%). There was a positive association between body mass
index and frequency of meal consumption (p= 0.037) and eating well (p = 0.054). Significant positive
correlations between nutritional knowledge and dietary practice (r = 0.320), dietary practice and BMI (r =
0.264), BMI and health status (r = 0.180) were established.
Conclusion: Good nutritional knowledge, attitude and dietary practice improved nutritional and health
status of HIV/AIDS subjects.
