| 1 |
Author(s):
Peter C. Agu, Nwabumma C. Asouzu, Christian E. Offor, Patrick M. Aja, Boniface A. Ale, Nonso C. Asouzu, Peter C. Agu.
Page No : 1-10
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Proximate and Mineral Compositions of Spondias mombin, Canarium schweinfurthii, and Citrus sinensis Fruits
Abstract
Background:Fruits are well known for being nourishing. In Nigeria, some are used and eaten to their full
potential, while others go underutilized. A preference for their usage in nutrition may result from
elucidating the nutritional benefits of certain fruits.
Objective: This study investigated the proximate and mineral composition of fruits from Spondias
mombin (Hog plum), Canarium schweinfurthii (Bullet pear), and Citrus sinensis (Orange) trees in
Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Methods: Fruits were collected, washed, peeled, and carefully pressed into pulps. The pulp was
investigated for proximate and mineral compositions following standard methods of the Association of
Official Analytical Chemists. At p<0.05 level of significance, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to
compare the mean.
Results: The proximate and mineral compositions of the fruits were significant (p < 0.05). The protein
levels in the fruits were 2.60 ± 0.12 to 3.74±0.01 percent. Carbohydrate content was C. schweinfurthii:
33.43 ± 0.026; S. mombin: 1.01 ± 0.12; and C. sinensis: 2.37 ± 0.15. The ash contents of the fruits were
low (1.34 - 2.86g/100 g). Citrus sinensis has the least amount of fat (0.55), while C. schweinfurthii has the
highest (1.57). The minerals present in the fruits were in the order of K ˃ Na ˃ Ca ˃ Mg ˃ Fe ˃ Zn ˃ P ˃ Cu ˃
Mn ˃ nitrate.
Conclusion: The fruits have ample nutrients, therefore, lack of nutritional information on the moderately
utilized and underutilized fruits may be responsible for the peoples' preferred choice of well-utilized fruits.
| 2 |
Author(s):
G.N. Onyeji, M.O. Ifeanacho, K.O Ikpemo, I.C.Benneth-Ugochukwu, O.G. Ufebe.
Page No : 11-22
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Prevalence and Awareness of Prehypertension and Hypertension among Artisans in Two selected Local Government Areas of Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Hypertension and its complications constitute a major health challenge worldwide.
Objective: This study therefore investigated the prevalence and awareness of hypertension and
prehypertension in two selected local government areas of Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Materials and Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out using six hundred and twenty
Artisans (300 males and 320 females) aged between 18 and 65 years from two local government areas of
Ebonyi State. Structured, validated, pre- tested interviewer administered questionnaire were used to
collect data on respondents' socio-demographic characteristics. Anthropometric indices and blood
pressure were measured using standard procedures. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for
Social Sciences (SPSS version16.0).
Result: The mean age (in years) of participants was 30.5±11.5 (males) and 30.5±11.5 (females).The
2 2 mean body mass index (BMI) was 23.8±2.9 kg/m (males) and 24.4 ±3.7kg/m (females). Overweight
was significantly higher in males (33.7%) than in females (10.3%) (P<0.05) while obesity was significantly
higher in females (6.6%) than in males (2.7%) (P <0.05).The prevalence of prehypertension and
hypertension on all the participants were 33.1% and 14.8%, respectively. Prevalence of hypertension was
significantly higher in women (20.3%) than men (9.0%) (P 0.05) while 72.0% male and 90.9% females had not checked
their blood pressure before.
Conclusion: High prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension along with poor awareness of
hypertension and poor monitoring of blood pressure were observed. Intensive health education is
recommended in the communities.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Chinaza Precious Uche, Chinyere Akudo Echendu, Paul Ndubuisi Anyiam, Patricia Ogechi Ukegbu.
Page No : 23-34
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Nutrients, Antinutrients and Sensory Evaluation of Jam Produced from Date Palm Fruit (phoenix Dactylifera)
Abstract
Background: Providing information about the nutritional composition of underutilized edible fruits and their
products can increase the willingness to consume this kind of food as potential remedy to malnutrition.
Objective: This study was aimed to determine the nutrient and antinutrient compositions and sensory
attributes of jams produced from date fruit.
Methods: The matured fresh and dried date fruits were processed into jams by boiling with lemon. Nutrients
and antinutrient contents of the date fruits and produced jams were evaluated using standard methods of
analysis and results compared with commercial jams as control.
Results: The result showed that dried date fruit contains moisture (13.10 ± 0.10 g/100g), protein (4.38 ±
0.01 g/100g), crude lipid(1.00 ± 0.10 g/100g), crude fiber (0.40 ± 0.10 g/100g), ash (1.50 ± 0.01
g/100g)and rich in carbohydrate(79.62 ± 0.01 mg/100g). Its vitamin contents were vitamin C(8.28 ± 0.00
mg/100g), A (1.69 ± 0.71 mg/100g), and B3 (1.03 ± 0.00 mg/100g). Mineral composition was Fe (2.68 ±
0.00 mg/100g), P (73.10 ± 0.01 mg/100g) and Ca(63.31 ± 0.00 mg/100g). Dried date jam showed
appreciable amount (P<0.05)of crude lipid (0.60 ± 0.10 g/100g), carbohydrate (32.79± 0.01 g/100g), ash
(0.25 ± 0.10 g/100g), crude fibre (0.20 ± 0.01 g/100g)and micronutrient (vitamin C, Fe and Ca) contents
compared with the raw fruit and the strawberry jam used as control. The result obtained for the anti nutritional
factors showed a reduction (P0.05) in all sensory parameters and acceptability investigated.
Conclusion: Date fruit and their jams can serve to supplement the nutrients provided by other staples due
to their nutritional quality and therefore should be promoted.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Nkechinyere G. Obichukwu,, Clement C. Ezechukwu, Jacinta C. Elo-Ilo, Amala O. Odita.
Page No : 35-47
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Association between Household Food Insecurity and Malnutrition among School Aged Children in Nnewi Southeast Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Malnutrition in school aged children can predispose to infectious diseases, noncommunicable
diseases and death. Numerous risk factors of childhood malnutrition has been published
with generation of instituted policies, yet the complications of childhood malnutrition is still not abated in
our locality. Hence the need to explore the effect of house hold food insecurity (HHFIS) on childhood
malnutrition.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of malnutrition and the association between HHFIS and
malnutrition among 6-12-year-old primary school pupils in Nnewi Southeast Nigeria.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 270 primary school pupils. Sociodemographic
data was collected using a pretested interviewer administered questionnaire. Information
on food availability in the home was collected and used to grade HHFIS into food secured household,
moderate food insecurity, Household food insecurity, Severe HHFIS/child hunger. Data was analyzed
using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0. Level of significance for tests of
association was set at 5%.
Results: The result showed that 143(53%) were males and 127(47%) were females. Seventy-five (27.8%)
were wasted, 21(7.8%) had severe wasting, 18(6.7%) had underweight, 17(6.3%) were overweight, while
9(3.3%) had obesity and 3(1.1%) were stunted. Low Socio-Economic Class (SEC) and HHFIS, were
associated with under-nutrition. (p < 0.05) While high SEC and HHFIS were associated with
overweight/obesity (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The prevalence of under nutrition was high among 6-12 year old school children in
Nnewi. Prompt and adequate provision of household food security can help mitigate the impact of
malnutrition in the sub region.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Lilian Aburime.
Page No : 48-54
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The State of Food Loss And Waste in Nigeria: Causes, Impacts, Efforts to Reduce The Menace And Way Forward
Abstract
Background: Nigeria, the giant of Africa is faced with food insecurity, and the amount of food lost and
wasted is a huge contributor to the ravaging hunger faced by the populace. Reducing Food Loss and
Waste (FLW) in Nigeria has become a global concern.
Objective: To review the current state of FLW in Nigeria, the likely causes, the economic social, and
environmental impact, and the efforts to reduce the menace.
Methods: Over Fifty relevant scientific published articles relating to FLW that are within ten years of
publication and current news (not more than five years) on FLW from reputable newspapers were sourced
online through Elsevier, google scholar, and research gate among others.
Results: Increased insecurity, poor quality inputs, poor road networks, and transportation coupled with
poor packaging have been identified as some of the causes of FLW in Nigeria, the entire food system is
found to be affected by FLW as well as the nation's economy. Among several strategies employed to
mitigate FLW, transiting to a circular economy seems to be succeeding as evidenced in some parts of the
country.
Conclusions: continuity of programs that could reduce FLW in Nigeria is not encouraging and should be
encouraged by the government at all levels.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Omotoye, Funmilayo Esther, Ajayi, Kayode, Dada, Israel Olanrele, Igbokwe, Davidson Obinna, Fabusuyi, Oluwadare Deji.
Page No : 55-64
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Assessment of Nutritional Status of Children Under-Five Years in Ido-Osi Local Government Area, Southwest Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Malnutrition in children under-five years is a major public health problem and a leading
cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries.
Objective: To assess the nutritional status and pattern of infant feeding practices of under-five years
children in Ido-Osi Local government Area, Ekiti State, South west, Nigeria.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the nutritional status of 419 children aged 0-
59 months. Respondents were selected from Primary Health Care centers and nursery and primary schools
in the study area using simple random sampling technique. Data on demographic profile and feeding
pattern of the under-five were obtained from their Mothers using interviewer-administered questionnaire
while anthropometric measurements of the children were taken. Data collected were analyzed using
World health Organization (WHO) Anthro package for under five and Statistical Package for Social
Sciences (SPSS) version 20.
Results: A total of 419 children; 281(52.0%) males and 201 (48.0%) females aged 0-59 months were
enrolled into this study. Of the under-five assessed 34(8.11%) were underweight, 67(15.99%) were
stunted while 34(8.11%) were wasted. A total of 31(88.6%) mothers practiced exclusive breastfeeding for
0-6months, 42(48.84%) practiced early initiation of breastfeeding between 30-60mimnutes after delivery
according to WHO standard. Underweight, wasting and stunting were 12.12%, 9.09%, 31.82% and
15.0%, 20.0%, 35.0% among children exclusively breastfed and those who were not respectively.
Conclusion: Malnutrition especially stunting rate was high in the study area but low among children
exclusively breastfed. Nutrition programs on appropriate feeding practices to promote good nutritional
status is recommended.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Victor N. Enwemiwe, Cynthia C. Ojianwuna.
Page No : 65-79
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Acceptability of African Palm Weevil (rynchophorus Phoenicis) Incorporated Pie in a University in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Abstract
Background: The world is recently promoting the innovative inclusion of insects as ingredients in human
diet, as part of tackling food insecurity and actualizing zero hunger. Edible insect species especially the
African Palm Weevil, Rynchophorus phoenicis is available, affordable and forms the integral part of diets
for several communities in Nigeria.
Objective: The acceptance of edible larvae incorporated pie was determined in a university in the Niger
Delta region of Nigeria.
Methods: Edible larvae were sourced, processed and incorporated into pie. This was labelled A
(unconventional pie) and served as treatment for the experiment. Conventional pie (meat) was labelled B
(served as control). A semi-structured questionnaire with attributes that influenced 500 consumer's choice
was used. Hedonic test was conducted and responses were obtained.
Results: Female respondents (77%) predominated the acceptance of edible worm pie (mean age of 23.73
years) and majority of which were single, undergraduate students and not financially stable. Over 50% of the
respondents had knowledge of edible insects and had tasted them against 16% and 39% who lacked
knowledge and have never tried edible insect respectively. Chi-square test show that age (p= 0.996 and
0.873), gender (p= 0.877 and 0.851), marital status (p= 0.828 and 0.672), economic status (p= 0.959 and
0.714), occupation (p= 0.833 and 0.542), and level of education (p= 0.999 and 0.815) attributes did not
differ significantly (p>0.05) with willingness to eat and smell test samples. Most consumers were willing to
continue eating the unconventional pie incorporated with the edible insect, undermining the taste and smell.
Conclusion: More hedonic studies are required to expand the focus of insect inclusion in familiar
products and the choice of their acceptance.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Olanrewaju, Omoniyi I, Yisa, O. Oyinloye, Ukah Omowumi, H, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger state.
Page No : 80-91
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Nutritional Composition and Sensory Attributes of Cocoa-Based Beverage Produced from Cocoa beans, Soybean, Sorghum leaves, and Date Fruit
Abstract
Background: With the rise in the cost of commercial cocoa beverages nationwide, its pertinent to produce
alternative cocoa beverages that can supply nutrients for the nourishment of the body as against the usual
sugar-dense commercial beverages in the market
Objective: The nutritional composition and sensory attribute of cocoa-based beverage produced from cocoa
beans, soybean, sorghum leaves and date fruit were assessed
Method: The Soybean, Sorghum leaf, date fruit and Cocoa beans were procured from King's Market and
Okunriboye Merchant Company in Owo Local Government Area, Ondo State respectively. Products were
formulated as follows: Sample CSDS (70% Cocoa beans; 20% Soybean; 5% date fruit; 5% sorghum leaves, 1,
CSDS (60% Cocoa beans; 25% Soybean; 10% date fruit; 5% sorghum leaves), CSDS (50% Cocoa beans; 2 3
30% Soybean; 15% date fruit; 5% sorghum leaves), CSDS (40% Cocoa beans; 35% Soybean; 20% date 4
fruit; 5% sorghum leaves) and CCBB was used as control. Samples were subjected to chemical analyses
and instrumental analysis according to standard. Analysis of variance using Statistical Package for Social
Science (SPSS) version 23 was performed. Significance was accepted at P<0.05.
Result: Findings shows that the protein, selenium, sodium and vitamin B were significantly (p<0.05) higher 1
in the products than the control sample while vitamin C, vitamin B , B B , B , and B , calcium, iron and zinc 2 3, 5 6 9
were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the control than the formulated products. Sample CSDS had the 1
highest (503mg) potassium while CSDS was the most accepted in terms of colour 4
Conclusion: The formulated beverages had appreciable amount of protein, fat, sodium, potassium,
phosphorus, selenium, zinc and thiamin. Acceptability in all the parameters increases with increase in the
addition soybeans flour.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Jimoh Musa Omotayo, Akinkurolere Adeleke Justin.
Page No : 92-103
|
Optimization of Sensory Attributes and Acceptability of Cookies made from Wheat-Tiger Nut Flour under different Storage Conditions
Abstract
Background: The global demand of tiger nut for its nutritional, functional and medicinal properties in
food fortification is constantly increasing and requires further analysis of its product.
Objective: In this work, sensory result of cookies produced from wheat flour blended with tiger nut flour
under different storage conditions for three weeks was evaluated for each week of the storage.
Methods: Data generated from sensory attributes was validated using statistical control chart design to
determine critical control points (CCPs) for quality product. At 5% level of significance, the degree of
similarity during optimization of different formulated samples was further investigated to establish quality
level of acceptability of each product sample based on control limits convergence.
Results: In the first week of storage, sample WTD 121 had close range of convergence indicating high
level of acceptability. In the second and third week of storage, both samples WTD 141 and WTD 151 had
high acceptability. Microbial analysis during storage at week 0, 1, 2 and 3 showed that under ambient
2 2 condition, bacteria count ranges from 0 to 7 х 10 cfu/g and fungi count ranges from 0 to 4.5 х 10 cfu/g.
2 Storage under refrigeration condition revealed that bacteria count ranges from 0 to 3 х 10 cfu/g and
2 2 fungi count ranges from 0 to 1.5 х 10 cfu/g. Bacteria and fungi count ranges from 0 to 3.0 х 10 cfu/g and
2 0 to 1.0 х 10 cfu/g respectively under freezing storage condition.
Conclusion: The product falls within control limits and within standard of microbial specification for food.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Olurin T.O., Adebayo Y.O.,, Olutayo K. O., Siyanbola S. S.
Page No : 104-116
|
Nutritional Status and Alcohol Consumption of Commercial Drivers in Enugu North Local Government Enugu area of Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Alcohol is a psychoactive substance and its excessive intake has been linked to various nutritional
diseases.
Objective: This study assessed the nutritional status and alcohol consumption of commercial motor drivers in
Enugu North LGA of Enugu State.
Methods: Simple random sampling was used to select two hundred and fifty (250) commercial motor drivers
from five commercial motor parks within the Local Government Area. A modified and semi-structured
interviewer's administered questionnaire was used to elicit information on the respondents' sociodemographic
characteristics, food habits, and alcohol consumption respectively while anthropometric
method was used to assess nutritional status with the use of weighing scale (weight) and heightometer
(height). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data at p <0.05.
Result: The majority (40%) were between 30-39years, 71.6% married, 52.4% secondary school and 98% Igbo.
About 53% ate twice a day, 91% skipped their lunch meal and 90% bought their food from a vendor. Beer
consumption (24.4%) was the highest and the majority were overweight (47.6%). A significant association
between socio-demographic characteristics, alcohol consumption and nutritional status was observed
(p<0.05). The majorities of the respondents consumed alcohol (91.4%), especially beer, in high
proportions (54%), had poor dietary habits and, as a result, were overweight. Alcohol consumption was
associated with the socio-demographic characteristics and nutritional status of the respondents.
Conclusion: Appropriate nutrition education to promote healthy eating habits and lifestyles is thus required.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Patricia Ogechi Ukegbu, Amarachi Precious Nwonu, Chinyere Akudo Echendu, Chinaza Precious Uche, Ijeoma Okereke, Uzochukwu Anselm Onwuzuruike, Martina Oga, Beulah Ortutu, Nneoma Elechi Obasi.
Page No : 117-127
|
Body Mass Index Versus Bioelectric Impedance Analysis for the Assessment of Obesity and Excess Body Fat among Adolescents in Abia State, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: The body mass index (BMI) Z- score is widely used in children and adolescents to assess
overweight/obesity, but does not determine the body fat percentage (BF%). The bioelectric impedance
analysis (BIA) can be used to determine body fat, because it provides information on body mass
composition.
Objective: To evaluate the ability of the BMI Z-scores to predict BF% in adolescents.
Methods: This cross sectional survey included 277 randomly selected adolescent (10-19 years) boys and
girls in Umuahia Metropolis, Abia State, Nigeria. Height and weight were measured and BMI-for-age Zscores
calculated using WHO standards, while BF% was estimated using BIA. Sensitivity and specificity of
BMI Z-score ≥+1.00 were calculated and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis and Area
Under the Curve (AUC) were used to determine the diagnostic ability of BMI Z-score to predict BF%.
Inferential statistics was performed with the Student's t - test, Pearson's correlation and Chi Square test.
Results: Overall, 4.7% of participants have excess BF% and 9% were obese using BIA and BMI Z-score,
respectively. Mean BMI-Z score and BF% were -0.36±1.08 and 16.08±6.83%, respectively. Percent BF
was significantly correlated with BMI Z-score (r= 0.626). The AUC was > 0.89 and >0.75 in girls and
boys, respectively. Sensitivity was high (80% and 84%) and specificity was moderate (65% and 60%) in boys
and girls, respectively.
Conclusion: The high sensitivity but moderate specificity in detecting excess BF% underscores the need for
more direct measurement of body fat, to improve the diagnostic accuracy of overweight and obesity.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Malachy B Peter, Osahon Otaigbe, Ezekiel U Nwose, Chiedozie G. Ike.
Page No : 128-137
|
Assessment of nutritional status and feeding pattern of under- ve children in Edo Central Senatorial District
Abstract
Background: Malnutrition is a significant public health problem and it is an important cause of morbidity and
mortality in children below 5 years of age.
Objective: To examine the relationship between nutritional status and feeding pattern of under-five children in
Esan-land, Edo State Nigeria.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Single-stage random sampling technique was used to
recruit 300 mother-child dyads from the Edo Central Senatorial LGAs. A semi-structured questionnaire was used
to obtain data on socio-demographic characteristics of mothers and feeding pattern plus nutritional status of
child pair. Anthropometric included mid upper arm circumference to assess malnutrition (MUAC
3 /day. Further, 65% were well nourished (MUAC <135mm), and 64.8% of the 105 malnourished
children were stunted, while 35.2% represented acute malnutrition. There was a significant statistical
association between the mother's awareness of nutritional status versus practiced feeding pattern (P =
0.001).
Conclusion: There is need to promote infant and young child feeding. Although exclusive breastfeeding may
match with level of knowledge among mothers, those who indicate lack of knowledge are still high and over onethird
of under-5 children were found malnourished.
| 13 |
Author(s):
Uthman-Akinhanmi, Y.O, Ademiluyi, D.D, Akinola O.A, Olayiwola O.I, Akinyemi A.O, Akinlose, E.O, Okolosi J.E, Ilo, J.G.
Page No : 138-151
|
Consumption Pattern, Physical Activity Level and Anthropometric indices of Consumers of Franchised Fast Food in South Western States in Nigeria
Abstract
Background: : Consumption pattern of franchised fast foods is not only a result of necessity but also status
reflector for some consumers. Among several factors that determine health, physical activity level is found
to play a major role in contributing to healthy lifestyle.
Objective: The study assessed the consumption pattern, physical activity level and anthropometric indices
of consumers of franchised fast food in South Western States in Nigeria.
Method: A multi-stage sampling technique was used for the study to draw out 300 samples. A wellstructured
and pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data on fast food consumption and
anthropometric indices. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to measure physical
activity level. Data were analyzed using the statistical software in IBM SPSS version 20. Level of
significance was set at P<0.05.
Results: Greater (56.7%) percentage of the respondents were females. Almost half (46.7%) of the
respondents had first degree. Most people in the study preferred roasted and fried chicken to other
franchised fast foods. There are 49% of the respondents who are moderately active, just 19% of the
respondent were sedentary, and 32% of the respondents were very active. There are 32% and 48% of the
respondents that were overweight and obese respectively and a significant difference was observed
between female respondents' physical activity and waist to hip ratio (p=0.050).
Conclusion: The study shows high prevalence of abdominal obesity in both gender. Also majority of the
population are either overweight or obese.
| 14 |
Author(s):
Aloysius Nwabugo Maduforo, Benedict Daniel Chuka, Clementina Ebere Okoro, Miracle Chikadibia Aloysius-Maduforo, Chika Ndiokwelu, Chidinma Jecinta Ezeh.
Page No : 152-157
|
Iodine and Potassium Iodide content of packet salts sold in major markets in Enugu State, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: : Potassium iodide is a chemical form of iodine used to supplement iodine intake in edible
salts to prevent iodine deficiency disorders.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the iodine and potassium iodide content of different
salt brands sold in major markets in Enugu state and compare these values with the national standard for
retail-level salts.
Methods: Six salt brands, including three local and three foreign brands, were randomly purchased from
the market in Enugu state. The iodometric titration method was used in the analytical laboratory to
determine the salt samples' iodine and potassium iodide content. One-sample student t-test was used to
compare the results with the national standards for iodine and potassium iodide, while Analysis of
Variance and Turkey HSD tests were used to compare the mean values of the different salt samples.
Statistical significance was set at p 30 ppm), but all were below the standard for potassium iodide (>50 ppm).
Conclusion: The iodine levels in major salts sold in major markets in Enugu state met the National
standard, but the potassium iodide content fell short of the requirements set by food law in Nigeria.
| 15 |
Author(s):
Aloysius Nwabugo Maduforo, Tamimu Yakubu, Matilda Asante, Anna Amoako – Mensah, Miracle Chikadibia Aloysius-Maduforo, Clementina Ebere Okoro.
Page No : 158-166
|
Comparative Analysis of the Energy and Nutrient Composition of Cooked and Uncooked Cow Intestines Consumed in Accra, Ghana
Abstract
Background: : The cow intestine is a delicacy cherished and eaten by many persons in West Africa, but
there is a paucity of data on its nutrient composition.
Objective: To compare and analyze the energy and nutrient (proximate, mineral [iron, phosphorus,
copper, and zinc] and free fatty acid (FFA) [as oleic]) composition of cooked and uncooked cow intestines
commonly consumed in Accra, Ghana.
Methods: Samples of cow intestines were obtained from the markets by purposive sampling and
subsequently processed for analysis. The nutrient composition was determined using standard methods.
Statistical analysis was conducted using the independent sample t-test in IBM SPSS Statistics version 22 to
compare the data obtained from the uncooked and cooked samples. A significance level of P < 0.05 was
used to determine statistical significance.
Results: Comparisons between the two samples showed that the moisture reduced significantly
(p=0.001) after cooking and carbohydrate content in the uncooked sample was 6.13g/100g but
disappeared after cooking (p=0.000). The ash content was significantly lower (p=0.002) in the uncooked
sample (0.46 g/100g) than in the cooked sample (0.6 g/100g). However, the energy, fat, and protein
content were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the cooked cow intestine than in the uncooked cow
intestines. There was no significant difference in the concentration of FFA (as oleic) content of cooked cow
intestines and uncooked cow intestines (p=0.8093). The zinc, copper, and iron concentrations reduced
significantly (p<0.05) after cooking while the phosphorus content increased significantly (p=0.000) by
105.15% after cooking.
Conclusion: The study provided data on some minerals, proximate, and FFA (as oleic) composition of
uncooked and cooked cow intestines. Findings showed that cow intestines have a substantial nutrient
composition that can make a significant contribution to nutrient intakes in the diet of individuals.
| 16 |
Author(s):
Olajide, K, Baiyeri, K. P, Ihenebom, C. J, Baiyeri S. O, Davidson, G. I.
Page No : 167-176
|
Variations in the Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Properties of Eight Accessions of Jute (Corchorius olitorius) Seeds
Abstract
Background: Corchorus olitorius is an underutilized indigenous vegetable in Nigeria and it is characterized
by high mineral and vitamin contents. The leaves and fresh fruits are traditionally used for making soup;
however, little or no utility is placed on the dried seeds. Determination of the nutritional quality of the dried
seeds will enhance its utilization potentials, both for human and as ingredients in animal feeds.
Objective: The study evaluated the chemical compositions of eight accessions of C. olitorious dried seeds.
Methods: Dried seeds of eight accessions of C. olitorious collected from research farm of the Department
of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka were analyzed for proximate, anti-nutrient, mineral and
vitamin contents using standard analytical procedures. Experimental procedures followed a completely
randomized design (CRD) replicated three times. Data were subjected to ANOVA in CRD using GENSTAT
statistical software.
Results: Accession influenced some proximate, anti-nutrient, mineral and vitamin contents of the seed.
Accession Ka-2 had more moisture content (5.75%). Accession Ik-1 yielded more protein (9.85%), cyanide
(43.10 mg/100 g), phenol (55.90 mg/100 g) and Lycopene (0.600 mg/100 g). Oxalate was more in Ik-3
with 47.80 mg/100 g. Accession Ib-2 gave the highest phytate (20.32 mg/100 g) and β-Carotene (0.70
mg/100 g). Concentration of tannin was more (1.43 mg/100 g) in accession Ib-3. Iron was more in Ka-1
(0.32 mg/100 g). Zinc was more pronounced (2.18 mg/100 g) in accession Ib-1.
Conclusion: Differences in nutritional qualities as reported could guide the utility of the crop and
suggest possibility for genetic improvement.
| 17 |
Author(s):
Deji Samson Ayo;, Ojo Matthew Ayodeji, Ogunniyi Emmanuel Sunday, Ogundare Taiwo Oluwaseun, Kolawole Bilikisu Toju, Oguns Pius Okhereifo.
Page No : 177-187
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Assessment of Feeding Habits and Lifestyle of Undergraduate Students in Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.
Abstract
Background: :Feeding habits and lifestyle influence the nutritional and health status of all humans
especially students of tertiary institutions.
Objectives. The study assessed the feeding habits and lifestyles of university undergraduates.
Methodology: The study design was a cross-sectional survey with a total of 400 undergraduate
students randomly selected from various departments and faculties of Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti,
using a multistage sampling technique. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect
data and analysed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. (P < 0.05).
Results: Four hundred students between ages 15 and 34 years with a mean age of 21.7±22
participated in the study. Male respondents were 138 (34.5%), and 262 (65.5%) were females. Exactly
97.5% were single, while 10 (2.5%) were married. A total of 144 (36.0%) of respondents reported
eating only homemade food, while 256 (64.0%) ate at least 1-5 times a week outside of home.
A total of 201 (50.2%) reported they were usually very hungry before eating meals, 170 (42.5%)
were a little bit hungry before eating meals, and 29 (7.2%) normally ate as at when due even when
they were not hungry at all. Current use of alcohol among respondents revealed female respondents,
69 (54.8%), consumed alcohol more than their male counterparts 57 (45.2%). Ten, (3.8%) of the
female respondents were current smokers as against the male respondents, 6 (4.4%). Most of the
students, 250 (62.5%) were not engaged in regular exercise.
Conclusion: The feeding habits of most students studied need much to be desired, while few among
them had unhealthy social lifestyles that could affect their nutritional health.
| 18 |
Author(s):
Kolawole Oyetunji, Azeez Funmilola, Ayankunle Akeem, Adeyeba Oluwaseyi.
Page No : 188-194
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Repeated Ingestion of combined Trona and Monosodium Glutamate alters selected Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Wistar Rats
Abstract
Background: Trona and monosodium glutamate (MSG) are cooking ingredients commonly used together in
some West African countries including Nigeria and Ghana. Discrepancies regarding the safety of these agents
are causes for concern.
Objective: To investigate the effects of repeated ingestion of combined trona and MSG on selected
biochemical and hematological parameters in Wistar rats.
Method: Twenty four male rats weighing 160 ± 20 g were assigned into four groups (n = 6 per group). Rats
were treated with distilled water (control), MSG (300 mg/kg bw), trona (500 mg/kg bw), and combined MSG
(300 mg/kg bw) and trona (500 mg/kg bw) for 21 days. After the treatment, rats were euthanized and
blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical assays. Data were analyzed by one way
analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Student's t-test, and p < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Repeated ingestion of monosodium glutamate and trona caused significant increase in platelets and
white blood cells compared to control. Total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate
aminotransferase (AST), and total protein were significantly raised (p < 0.05). Catalase and glutathione
peroxidase activities were significantly reduced. Serum level of creatinine was also significantly raised (p
< 0.05) in the treated rats compared to control.
Conclusion: Findings from the study indicate that repeated ingestion of combined trona and monosodium
glutamate can dangerously alter the levels of endogenous antioxidants, hematological parameters, and
biochemical indices of liver and kidney functions.
| 19 |
Author(s):
Ilo Jumoke Georgina, Onabanjo Oluseye Olusegun, Oladoyinbo Catherine Adebukola, Sobukola Olajide.
Page No : 195-203
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Effect of Consumption of Sourdough Pearl Millet (Pennisetum Glaucum) Snack on the Hemoglobin and Zinc status of School-Age Children in Odeda Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Micronutrients are required by the body in minute quantities, and their absence can have
highly negative effects. A food-based approach is needed to increase the consumption of an adequate
amount of underutilized micronutrient-rich foods.
Objectives: This study assessed the effect of consuming Sourdough excluded pearl millet snacks on
the nutritional status of school-age children in Odeda Local Government Area of Ogun State.
Materials and Methods: One hundred primary school age children were grouped into three study groups
(sourdough pearl millet extruded snacks group, pearl millet extruded snack group, and ferrous supplement
group) and monitored for eight weeks as part of the study's randomized block single-blind trial design. Blood
samples from the subjects were taken at the start and end of the study, and hematological factors were
examined (hemoglobin, packed cell volume, serum zinc). ANCOVA was used for statistical analysis.
P<0.05 was considered significant
Results: Results revealed the average age of the children was 105.9± 27.2 months with 49.0% being female
and 51.0% male. 54.9% of respondents were anaemic, while 11.4% tested low in zinc. Haemoglobin and
packed cell volume at the endpoint had significantly improved in the three groups (p<0.05). Only the
sourdough pearl millet extruded snacks, though, made a 10% improvement in the zinc status.
Conclusion: Sourdough pearl millet extruded snacks improved the hemoglobin status of anemic
children and zinc status of children with low zinc levels. This study has demonstrated that sourdough
pearl millet extruded snacks is a safe option for the treatment of anaemia in children, particularly
those who do not enjoy taking medications.
| 20 |
Author(s):
Baiyeri, S.O, Amusa T. A, Otitoju, G.T.O., Victor-Sunday, S..
Page No : 204-211
|
Assessment of the contribution of African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) to farm households’ food supply chain in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: African yam bean (AYB) had been largely grown in time past in Ekiti State for its huge nutritional,
nutraceutical, and economic values. AYB's relevance in households' food supply chain and utilization has greatly
reduced. Valid information on AYB consumption and utilization and possible constraints associated with its
utilization in the State are therefore required to reposition the crop for food and nutrition security and policymaking
Objective: The study assessed the contribution of African yam bean to farm households' food supply in Ekiti State.
Materials and methods: Multistage random sampling technique was used in selecting 120 farm households for
the study. Structured questionnaire and interview schedule were employed in data collection. Data collected were
analysed using descriptive statistics.
Results: The result showed that AYB delicacies for food security among farm households in the study area include:
75% boil and eat AYB alone, 70% eat it as yam porridge, 64.6% eat AYB as corn porridge, 51.7% eat it as plantain
porridge, 26.7% eat AYB as moi-moi, 24.7% eat it as snack (baked), while only 14.2% roast AYB for consumption.
AYB seeds (31.7%), fresh leaves (22.5%), tubers (47.5%) and residues (78.3%) are crucial in livestock feeding.
Some of the constraints against AYB consumption include: long cooking period (93.3%), poor awareness of its
nutritional benefits among the people (81.7%), poor availability of the seeds in market (51.7%), and low demand
for the commodity (49.2%).
Conclusion: The study recommends improved supply of AYB seeds for increased consumption and
more awareness creation on the nutritional benefits of AYB among Nigerians.
| 21 |
Author(s):
Oyerinde Ayodeji Michael, Oyun Mathew Banji, Adeoye Bayo Olufunso, Olasupo Olukunle Abiodun, Ogundipe Gbenga, Jimoh Bashirat Adebola, Oladimeji Olatunde Bori.
Page No : 212-222
|
Determination of Nutrients, Antinutrients and Antioxidants Concentrations in some edible Forest Vegetables in Ondo and Oyo State, South Western Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Native plants are important forest resource commonly explored in traditional cuisines and
ethnomedicine in developing countries. Unfortunately, these plants are used routinely with inadequate
awareness of their nutrient quality and bioactive components.
Objective: This study aimed at investigating the nutritional values, anti-nutrient factors, and antioxidant
properties of selected native vegetables that are most commonly consumed in Southwestern Nigeria.
Method: The target species were selected based on the preference of 80 respondents from eight different
communities using a semi-structured questionnaire. Proximate, antinutrient, vitamins, and Antioxidants
constituents were determined using standard methods.
Results: The nutritional composition reveals that S. biafrae leaves had the highest moisture (80.21%) and
ash contents (3.82%). However, P. guineense leaves contain higher fibre (3.84%), protein (16.39%), and
Carbohydrate (13.45%) content. Whereas P. mildbraedii leaves had a significantly high concentration of
fat (0.94%). Very low antinutrient content was obtained from the vegetables, with S. biafrae having a
significantly low level of phytate (1.24 mg/g), oxalate (0.09 mg/g), tannin (1.38 mg/g), and saponin
-1 (7.64 mg/g) compared to others. Antioxidants like phenol (9.75-15.78 mg.g ), Vitamin C (5.49-23.25
mg.g-1), and Vitamin A (278.25 – 705.64 unit.g-1)obtained from the vegetables have an endless supply of
natural and vital nutrients that the body requires for good health
Conclusion: Distinctively, the choice vegetables can be reputed as remarkable repositories of essential
nutrients, and pharmacologically relevant antioxidant molecules.
| 22 |
Author(s):
Doris Anaemene, Grace Fadupin, Kolawole Falade.
Page No : 223-233
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Nutritional adequacy of two complementary foods developed from germinated-fermented/roasted quality protein maize and fermented/roasted pigeon pea our
Abstract
Background: Poor quality complementary foods contribute to high level of under-nutrition during
complementary feeding period.
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the nutritional adequacy of two complementary foods developed from
quality protein maize (QPM) fortified with pigeon pea (PP) using different processing methods.
METHODS: Germinated-fermented QPM/fermented-PP and roasted QPM/PP flours were combined
separately with fish, carrot, pumpkin leaf powder, sucrose, and oil in the ratio 50:20:10:6:4:5:5 to
formulate two diets, CompifO and CompifR using Nutri-Survey package. Nutrient (proximate, essential
amino acids, iron, zinc, calcium, beta-carotene) and anti-nutrient (phytate) contents of the formulated
diets were evaluated using standard procedures. The results were compared with World Health
Organisation's recommendations for processed complementary food and a commercial complementary
food (CCF) (control). Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple range tests.
RESULTS: CompifO had similar protein content (17.2%; 16.8%)but significantly higher iron (3.60, 1.95
mg/100 g), zinc (3.35, 1.15 mg/100 g) and vitamin A (104.21 RE, 90.61 RE) content than CompifR. The
control had higher micronutrient contents than the formulated diets (p 4 g/100 kcal) for 6-8, 9-11 and 12-24 months age
groups. The amino acid scores of CompifO (75%) and CompifR (74%) were similar but significantly lower
(p<0.001) than that of the CCF (89%). The limiting amino acid in the two formulations was
CONCLUSION: CompifO formulated from germinated-fermented grains was better than CompifR in
terms of nutritional adequacy and may contribute to reduction in undernutrition among children.
| 23 |
Author(s):
Eze Scholastica N., Nwosu Kosisochukwu G, Ani Peace N., Anoshirike Cyril O., Onyeke Nkechi G..
Page No : 234-240
|
Comparative study of Antioxidant Compositions of Ocimum gratissimum (African Basil), Ocimum africanum (Lemon Basil), Zingiber officinale (Ginger) and Curcuma longa (Turmeric)
Abstract
Background: Natural antioxidants are abundant in many herbs and spices in Nigeria. Knowledge of their
antioxidant contents will promote decision to make these herbs and spices part of one's daily diet which is vital for
optimal health.
Objectives: Comparative analysis of antioxidants (phospholipids, phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and
carotenoids) contents of some common herbs and spices (African basil, lemon basil, ginger and turmeric) in
Nigeria was carried out.
Methods: Triplicate determinations of the value of each of the antioxidants in the samples were done using
standard methods. The results were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Service Solution (SPSS) version 22.
Means and standard deviations were analyzed. Duncan's new multiple range test was used to separate the
means, and analysis of variance was used to compare the means. Significance was judged at p<0.05.
Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine correlation between antioxidant contents of the
herbs and spices
Results: African basil had the highest phenolic compound content (156 mg/100 g), while ginger had the lowest
content (17 mg/100g). The carotenoids content was highest (23.91 mg/100g) in African basil and lowest (1.56
mg/100g) in ginger. The ascorbic acid values of the samples ranged from 2.13mg/100g in African basil to 337
mg/100g in ginger. The phospholipid values of the samples ranged from 2.37 mg/100g in ginger to 11.13
mg/100g in turmeric.
Conclusion: African basil is a better source of phenolic compounds and carotenoids; ginger is a richer source
of ascorbic acid, and turmeric is a richer source of phospholipids. Incorporating these herbs and spices in
diets is vital for optimal health; hence, creation of awareness on their health benefits through nutrition
education is recommended.
| 24 |
Author(s):
Adebayo, Y. O, Lasabi O. T, Akinsanya, O. B., Ogunleye, A. E..
Page No : 241-252
|
Food Hygiene Practices among Food Vendors in Odeda Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: The continuous rise in the incidence of food borne illness has led to an increase in global
concern about food hygiene practices among food handlers and vendors.
Objective: To assess the food hygiene practices among food vendors in Odeda Local Government Area of
Ogun State, Nigeria.
Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design involving 150 food vendors. Semistructured
questionnaire including an observational section modified by Society for Family Health (SFH)
Water, Hygiene and Sanitation checklist were used to elicit relevant information. Data were analyzed and
presented using frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviation and Chi square used to test for
association between relevant variables at 0.05 level of significance.
Results: Food vending business was dominated by women (90%), almost 49% were aged 30-40yrs and
66.7% had food handler certificate. The food vendors demonstrated good food hygiene practices as
99.3% wash hands before cooking and after handling raw foods. Observation of environmental and
personal hygiene revealed that 54% cooked in clean environment while 80% had no food debris observed
on their hands. The food vendors environmental hygiene was influenced by age (p = 0.044), level of
education (p = 0.002), monthly income (p = 0.006), and refuse disposal method (p = 0.034).
Conclusion: The food vendors displayed good food hygiene practices with suboptimal environmental
practices. Regular environmental inspections by appropriate authorities to enforce and promote
adequate environmental measure among food vendors is recommended.
| 25 |
Author(s):
Orisa, Catherine Achese, Amadi, Allbright Ovuchimeru, Oguzor, Gift Buduzhi.
Page No : 253-259
|
Assessment of the Iodine status of Women of reproductive age (15-49 Years) in Rivers State, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Iodine intake remains an issue for women of childbearing age. While it is essential for women
to consume adequate levels of iodine during pregnancy, it is equally important that women of
childbearing age consume sufficient amounts of iodine, especially those who are planning pregnancy.
Objective: This study assessed the iodine status of women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in Rivers
State, Nigeria.
Methods: The population for the study comprised all female senior secondary students and teachers
between 15-49 years in the three senatorial zones of Rivers State. The minimum sample size required for
the study was 320 women estimated using the Cochrane formula. A cross sectional study design was used
in which both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods were employed.
Results: The median urinary iodine concentration of the study population (129.06 μg/L) indicated that the
women had optimal iodine nutrition. The percentage of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) below 50 μg/L
in the women indicated that iodine deficiency among childbearing-age women has not yet been
eliminated. A greater percentage of the women (44.16%) had more than the adequate iodine nutrition,
while 6.49% were excessive.
Conclusion: The iodine status of the women showed that none of the women were deficient.
However, half of the respondents have high intake (200 μg/L) and are at risk of iodine induced
hyperthyroidism. Public awareness regarding the rate of iodine deficiency in women of reproductive
age is therefore recommended.
